A vertical cross section of soil layers differing in colour, texture and other characteristics is called

The correct answer is "soil profile". A soil profile is a vertical cross-section of the soil layers, showing the different layers of soil and their characteristics such as color, texture, and composition. These layers are called soil horizons, and each horizon has distinct characteristics that are determined by factors such as climate, vegetation, and topography. By studying the soil profile, scientists can gain insight into the soil's history and properties, which can be useful for agriculture, land use planning, and environmental management.