(a) State three advantages and two disadvantages of manual labour. (b) Enumerate four qualities of good draught animals. (c) State two precautions to be obs...

(a) Manual labour.

Three advantages:

1. It has a low initial (capital) cost and requires no fuel or expensive machinery.
2. It is suitable for small farms, rough or hilly land and for delicate operations such as transplanting and harvesting where machines cannot work well.
3. It provides employment for many people and causes less damage to the soil structure.

Two disadvantages:

1. It is slow and has low output, so large areas cannot be covered quickly.
2. It is tedious and tiring, and labour is often scarce and costly at peak periods.

(b) Four qualities of good draught animals:

1. They should be strong, healthy and muscular with good stamina.
2. They should be docile, gentle and easy to train and control.
3. They should be well adapted to the local climate and resistant to diseases and pests.
4. They should be of good body size and weight, with sound legs and hooves.

(c) Two precautions when using draught animals:

1. Do not overwork the animals; give them rest, adequate feed and water.
2. Use well-fitting, comfortable harnesses/yokes to avoid injury and sores.

(d) Harnessing power:

(i) Sun (solar energy): sunlight is trapped by solar panels (photovoltaic cells) which convert it into electricity that can be stored in batteries and used to pump water, power electric fences, dry crops and light farm buildings; solar dryers also use the sun's heat directly to dry produce.

(ii) Biogas: animal dung and other farm wastes are put into an airtight digester where bacteria decompose them (anaerobic digestion) to produce biogas (mainly methane). The gas is collected and piped out to be burned for cooking, heating, lighting and running gas engines/generators on the farm, while the slurry left behind is used as manure.