(a) Explain the term representative government. (b) What conditions are essential for the existence of a representative government?

(a) Meaning of representative government

Representative government is a system of government in which the people do not rule directly, but periodically elect a limited number of persons (representatives) to make laws, take decisions and govern on their behalf and in their interest. The representatives are accountable to the electorate and can be voted out at the next election if they fail to perform.

(b) Conditions essential for the existence of a representative government

1. Regular, free and fair elections: There must be periodic elections through which the people freely choose and change their representatives.
2. Universal adult suffrage: All qualified adult citizens must have the right to vote and to be voted for.
3. Existence of political parties: There must be two or more political parties offering the electorate a genuine choice.
4. Fundamental human rights: Freedom of speech, association, the press and assembly must be guaranteed so that opinions can be freely expressed.
5. Rule of law and an independent judiciary: Government and citizens must be subject to the law, with impartial courts to settle disputes.
6. An enlightened and politically conscious electorate: The citizens must be sufficiently educated to make informed choices and hold representatives accountable.
7. An independent electoral body: A neutral commission must organise credible elections.