(a) Discuss three effects of each of the following factors on crop production: (i) water; (ii) air; (iii) soil microbes. (b) List three edaphic and four cli...

Assessment: WAEC SSCE - Agricultural Science - 2001 (Essay) Subject: Agricultural Science

Question 1 Report

(a) Discuss three effects of each of the following factors on crop production: (i) water; (ii) air; (iii) soil microbes. (b) List three edaphic and four climatic factors that affect crop productivity. 

Answer Details

(a) Three effects of each factor on crop production

(i) Water

  1. It is needed for seed germination and for the growth of the crop.
  2. It is the medium of photosynthesis and dissolves and transports mineral nutrients within the plant.
  3. Too little water causes wilting and death, while excess causes waterlogging, leaching and root rot.

(ii) Air

  1. It supplies carbon dioxide needed for photosynthesis.
  2. It supplies oxygen for respiration of roots and soil organisms.
  3. It supplies nitrogen that is fixed by legumes/bacteria; strong wind, however, can cause lodging and evaporation.

(iii) Soil microbes

  1. They decompose organic matter and release nutrients (humus) into the soil.
  2. They fix atmospheric nitrogen and take part in nitrification, improving fertility.
  3. Some are harmful, causing plant diseases and denitrification (loss of nitrogen).

(b) Edaphic and climatic factors

Three edaphic factors: soil texture, soil structure, soil pH (also soil fertility/organic matter, soil moisture).

Four climatic factors: rainfall, temperature, sunlight (light), wind (also relative humidity).

Read lesson note on Crop Husbandry (JAMB)
Read lesson note on Agricultural Ecology (JAMB)
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