(a) What is net migration? (b) Explain any four economic consequences of rural-urban migration in your country. (c) Identify any two measures government can...
Question 1 Report
(a) What is net migration?
(b) Explain any four economic consequences of rural-urban migration in your country.
(c) Identify any two measures government can adopt to minimize rural-urban migration in your country.
Answer Details
(a) Net migration is the difference between the number of people entering an area (immigrants or in-migrants) and the number leaving it (emigrants or out-migrants) over a given period. \(\text{Net migration} = \text{in-migration} - \text{out-migration}\). It is positive when more people come in than leave, and negative when more leave than come in.
(b) Four economic consequences of rural-urban migration:
- Shortage of farm labour in rural areas: the departure of young, able-bodied people lowers agricultural output.
- Urban unemployment and underemployment: the cities receive more workers than the available jobs, raising unemployment.
- Pressure on urban amenities: housing, water, transport, schools and hospitals in the cities become overstretched, breeding slums.
- Rise in urban social problems: congestion, crime and poor sanitation increase, while rural areas suffer neglect and falling incomes.
(c) Two measures government can adopt to reduce it:
- Develop rural areas by providing roads, electricity, water, schools and health facilities so that people are willing to stay.
- Create rural employment, for example by siting industries and improving farming incentives (credit, guaranteed prices) in the rural areas.
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