Which of the following ecological factors will result in food shortage?

Drought can result in food shortage. Drought is a prolonged period of dry weather that can lead to a shortage of water for plants, which can cause crops to fail and result in a shortage of food for both humans and animals. In areas where agriculture is heavily dependent on rain, drought can have a significant impact on food production and lead to food shortages. Low rate of reproduction, emigration, and topography are not directly related to food shortage. However, factors such as population growth and migration patterns can indirectly affect food production and availability. The shape and elevation of the land, or topography, can also impact agriculture, but it is not a direct cause of food shortage.