(a) What is Foreign Policy? (b) Identify five factors that influence Nigeria's foreign policy.

Answer Details

(a) Meaning of Foreign Policy

Foreign policy refers to the set of principles, objectives and strategies adopted by a state to guide and protect its interests in its relations with other states and international organisations. It defines how a country conducts its external affairs in order to safeguard its national interest, security and prestige in the international community.

(b) Five factors that influence Nigeria's foreign policy

1. National interest: The paramount consideration is the protection of Nigeria's economic, security and political interests, especially within Africa.
2. Geographical location and size: Nigeria's position in West Africa and its large size and population give it a leadership role that shapes its policy, for example its Afrocentric focus.
3. Economic capability: The strength of the economy, particularly oil wealth, determines the resources available to pursue foreign policy goals such as aid to other African states.
4. Military strength: The size and capability of the armed forces affect Nigeria's ability to intervene, as seen in ECOMOG peace-keeping operations.
5. Public opinion and ideology: Domestic public opinion, the pressure of interest groups, and ideological commitments such as non-alignment and anti-colonialism influence policy direction.
6. Nature of leadership: The disposition and personality of the Head of State or government strongly colours the tone and priorities of the country's external relations.