(a) What is a computer file? (b) State two features each of: (i) transaction file (ii) reference file. (c) List two: (i) effects of file insecurity (ii) met...

(a) What is a computer file?

A computer file is a collection of related records or data stored together under one name on a storage medium, and treated as a single unit by the computer.

(b) Two features each

(i) Transaction file:

1. It holds temporary data about current transactions or events (for example daily sales) that are used to update the master file.
2. Its contents change frequently and it is usually not kept for long after the master file has been updated.

(ii) Reference file:

1. It holds fairly permanent data that is looked up (referred to) when processing, for example price lists or tax rates.
2. Its contents change only occasionally and it is used mainly for reference, not for continuous updating.

(c) Two of each

(i) Effects of file insecurity:

1. Loss, damage or corruption of data.
2. Unauthorised access, alteration or theft of confidential information.

(ii) Methods of securing files:

1. Use of passwords and access rights.
2. Encryption of files (and keeping regular backups / using anti-virus and write-protection).