(a) Mention four factors that should be considered when siting a fish pond. [4 marks] (b) Explain six ways of maintaining a fish pond. [12 marks] Discuss ea...
Question 1 Report
(a) Mention four factors that should be considered when siting a fish pond. [4 marks] (b) Explain six ways of maintaining a fish pond. [12 marks] Discuss each of rinderpest and Newcastle diseases under the following headings: (i) host organism; [2 marks] (ii) causal organism; [2 marks] (iii) mode of transmission; [4 marks] (iv) symptoms; [4 marks] (v) control [4 marks]
Answer Details
(a) Four factors to consider when siting a fish pond
- Adequate and reliable source of clean water.
- Suitable soil that can hold water (clayey/loamy soil with good water retention).
- Gentle slope of the land to allow easy filling and draining of the pond.
- Nearness to market, road and source of feed, and freedom from flooding or pollution.
(b) Six ways of maintaining a fish pond
- Regular feeding: supply supplementary feed at correct times and amounts for good growth.
- Liming and fertilising: apply lime to correct acidity and fertiliser/manure to promote natural food (plankton).
- Control of water level and quality: maintain the correct depth and change or aerate water to keep oxygen adequate.
- Removal of predators and weeds: clear aquatic weeds and eliminate snakes, birds and predatory fish.
- Control of pests and diseases: observe the fish regularly and treat or isolate diseased stock.
- Repair of pond structures: check and mend the dykes, inlets, outlets and screens to prevent leakage and escape of fish.
Rinderpest and Newcastle disease
| Heading | Rinderpest | Newcastle disease |
|---|---|---|
| (i) Host organism | Cattle (and other ruminants such as sheep and goats) | Poultry (fowls, especially chickens and turkeys) |
| (ii) Causal organism | A virus (rinderpest virus) | A virus (Newcastle disease virus) |
| (iii) Mode of transmission | Direct contact with infected animals; through contaminated feed, water, saliva, faeces and discharges | Direct contact with infected birds; through contaminated feed, water, droppings, droplets and equipment |
| (iv) Symptoms | High fever, loss of appetite, discharge from eyes and nose, mouth ulcers, severe diarrhoea, dehydration and death | Difficult breathing, gasping, coughing, greenish diarrhoea, twisting of the neck (torticollis), paralysis, drop in egg laying and death |
| (v) Control | Vaccination, quarantine of new/infected stock, slaughter of infected animals, good sanitation | Vaccination, isolation of sick birds, proper sanitation and disinfection, destruction of dead birds |
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