Study carerully Specimens H, J, Kand L and use them to answer the following question: (a) Make a drawing 8-10cm long of the longitudinal section of specimen...

(a)(i) Drawing of the longitudinal section of Specimen H (tomato)

A well-proportioned biological drawing of the L.S. of the tomato, 8–10 cm long, drawn in clean sharp pencil lines with no shading and with all label lines horizontal and non-crossing, is shown below.

The drawing shows the outer pericarp (fruit wall) made up of the thin epicarp (skin), the fleshy mesocarp and the inner endocarp; the locules (chambers) filled with juicy pulp; the fleshy placenta from which the seeds arise; the numerous seeds embedded in the pulp; and the fruit-stalk scar at the point of attachment.

(a)(ii) Type of fruit

Specimen H is a berry.

(a)(iii) Two other examples of the same type of fruit

Pawpaw and orange (other acceptable examples: guava, pepper, garden egg).

(a)(iv) True or false fruit

Specimen H is a true fruit.

(a)(v) Reason

It develops entirely from the fertilised ovary of the flower, with no other floral part contributing to the fleshy edible portion.

(a)(vi) Food classes present in Specimen H (tomato)

Vitamins, mineral salts, carbohydrates (sugars) and water.

(b)(i) One feature common to Specimens J, K and L

They are all leaves (or are modified leaves / leaf structures).

(b)(ii) Two observable characteristic features of each

J (Gloriosa leaf): the tip of the midrib is drawn out into a tendril; the leaf is sessile (no petiole) and has parallel veins.

K (Bryophyllum leaf): the leaf is succulent / fleshy with a waxy surface; it bears buds (plantlets) at the notches along its margin.

L (onion bulb): it has swollen fleshy leaf-bases that store reserve food and a stem reduced to a disc-like structure bearing terminal and axillary buds, protective scale leaves and adventitious roots.

(b)(iii) Mode of vegetative propagation of Specimens K and L

K (Bryophyllum): adventitious buds sprout at the notches on the leaf margin and grow into new plantlets that drop off and root.

L (onion bulb): terminal and lateral (axillary) buds sprout to form new aerial shoots and daughter bulbs.

(c) Biological significance of Specimen K (Bryophyllum)

It carries out vegetative reproduction, producing new plants that preserve the characteristics of the parent plant; the succulent leaf acts as a storage organ for water and mineral salts and can also carry out photosynthesis.