which of the following does not hinder the efficient of distribution of goods in West Africa?

The option that does not hinder the efficient distribution of goods in West Africa is "Government participation in the distributive trade". Government participation in the distributive trade can actually help to improve the efficiency of distribution by providing regulations, infrastructure, and support services that can benefit distributors and consumers. However, the other options listed can all hinder the efficient distribution of goods in West Africa. Inadequate transportation networks can make it difficult to move goods quickly and cheaply between locations, while inadequate storage facilities can lead to spoilage and waste. Inadequate credit facilities can make it difficult for potential distributors to finance their operations and expand their businesses. The tendency to hoard and smuggle can disrupt the normal flow of goods and create artificial shortages, leading to higher prices and reduced availability of goods.