(a) State the main nutrient obtainable from each of the Specimen G (BONE), and P ( DRIED ANIMAL BLOOD) and two main nutrients obtainable from Specimen T (FI...

Specimens: G (BONE), P (DRIED ANIMAL BLOOD), T (FISH)

(a) Main nutrient(s) obtainable

• G (Bone): mineral (calcium and phosphorus).
• P (Dried animal blood): protein.
• T (Fish): protein and mineral (calcium/phosphorus); also oil/fat.

(The two main nutrients from T are protein and minerals.)

(b) Three functions of each of the two main nutrients from T

Protein:

1. Builds new body tissues for growth.
2. Repairs worn-out tissues in the body.
3. Forms enzymes, hormones and antibodies, and is used for egg/milk formation.

Minerals (calcium and phosphorus):

1. Form and strengthen bones and teeth (and egg shells in poultry).
2. Aid blood formation and clotting and muscle/nerve function.
3. Help in metabolic processes and maintain the body's acid-base balance.

(c) One feed ingredient prepared from each specimen

• G (Bone): bone meal.
• P (Dried animal blood): blood meal.
• T (Fish): fish meal.

(d) Two disadvantages of using blood meal (from P) in compounding livestock feed

1. It is unpalatable and has a strong odour, so animals may reject feed containing much of it.
2. It is deficient in some amino acids and can easily spoil or become rancid, and may spread disease if not properly processed.