Effects of overgrazing on soil include the following except

Overgrazing can have negative effects on the soil. The options given in the question are possible effects of overgrazing except for one. One of the effects mentioned is the "improvement of soil structure", which is not a negative effect of overgrazing. Overgrazing can lead to the exposure of soil to erosion, which is the removal of the topsoil layer by wind or water. This can result in soil infertility, as the topsoil is rich in nutrients necessary for plant growth. Overgrazing can also lead to the depletion of soil nutrients, as the plants are not given enough time to replenish the soil with their root system. In addition, overgrazing can lead to soil compaction, as the constant pressure of animal hooves on the soil can cause it to become tightly packed. Finally, overgrazing can lead to the exposure of soil to direct rays of the sun, which can cause the soil to dry out and become less fertile.