Which of the following major ideas were proved by Gregor Mendel?

Gregor Mendel is known for his work on the inheritance of traits in pea plants, which led to the discovery of the basic principles of genetics. One of the major ideas that he proved was that characteristics of an organism are controlled by genes occurring in pairs. Mendel conducted experiments in which he crossed pea plants with different traits, such as tall and short plants, and observed the characteristics of their offspring. He found that certain traits, such as tallness, were dominant over others, such as shortness, and that these traits were passed down from one generation to the next in predictable patterns. Mendel's work established the concept of dominant and recessive traits, and laid the foundation for the modern study of genetics. It demonstrated that traits are not blended in offspring, but instead are inherited as discrete units, which we now call genes. Therefore, the major idea proved by Gregor Mendel was that characteristics of an organism are controlled by genes occurring in pairs.