5.(a) State three differences between the alimentary canals of earthworm and cockroach.
(i) State three similarities between the alimentary canals of earthworm and cockroach.
(b) The diagram below is an illustration of a biological cycle.
Study it and answer questions 5(b)i) to 5(b)(iii)
[i]Name the biological cycle (i) Explain briefly three roles played by plants and animals in the cycle (ii) Name the process that occur in X, Y and Z.
c. complete the table below.
| organs associated with excretion in human |
three diseases that affect the organ |
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(d)i) What is decay of organic matter
(i) Name two groups of organisms that cause decay of organic matter.
(i) State one other factor that causes decay.
(iv) Name the biological cycle that involves decay.
(e) Explain briefly the mode of nutrition in carnivorous plants.
(a) Three differences between the alimentary canals of the earthworm and the cockroach:
| Earthworm | Cockroach |
|---|
| Canal is a straight tube from mouth to anus | Canal is a longer, more differentiated tube |
| Possesses a calciferous gland | Has no calciferous gland |
| Lacks gastric caeca | Possesses gastric caeca that secrete digestive enzymes |
| Has a typhlosole to increase absorptive surface of the intestine | Has no typhlosole |
Three similarities: both have a mouth, both have a muscular gizzard for grinding food, and both have a complete (one-way) alimentary canal ending in an anus with a distinct crop for storage.
(b)
(i) The biological cycle illustrated is the carbon cycle (carbon dioxide - oxygen cycle).
(ii) Three roles played by plants and animals in the cycle:
- Green plants take in carbon dioxide during photosynthesis and fix it into organic food, removing carbon dioxide from the air.
- Plants and animals release carbon dioxide back into the air during respiration.
- When plants and animals die, their bodies are decomposed, releasing carbon dioxide; animals also transfer carbon along food chains by feeding on plants.
(iii) Processes: X - photosynthesis, Y - respiration, Z - decay (decomposition) / combustion.
(c) Organs of excretion in humans and diseases affecting them:
| Excretory organ | Three diseases affecting the organ |
|---|
| Kidney | Nephritis, kidney stones, kidney failure |
| Skin | Eczema, scabies, ringworm |
| Lungs | Pneumonia, tuberculosis, bronchitis |
| Liver | Hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, jaundice |
(d)
(i) Decay of organic matter is the breaking down of dead plant and animal tissues into simpler substances by the action of micro-organisms.
(ii) Two groups of organisms that cause decay: bacteria and fungi.
(iii) One other factor that causes decay: suitable warmth (temperature); also moisture and oxygen.
(iv) The biological cycle that involves decay: the carbon cycle (and the nitrogen cycle).
(e) Carnivorous plants are green and carry out photosynthesis to make carbohydrates, but they grow in nitrogen-deficient soils. They trap and digest small insects using modified leaves (traps), secreting enzymes that break down the animal protein to obtain nitrogen and other mineral nutrients. Their nutrition is therefore partly autotrophic (photosynthetic) and partly heterotrophic (holozoic on insects).
(a) Three differences between the alimentary canals of the earthworm and the cockroach:
| Earthworm | Cockroach |
|---|
| Canal is a straight tube from mouth to anus | Canal is a longer, more differentiated tube |
| Possesses a calciferous gland | Has no calciferous gland |
| Lacks gastric caeca | Possesses gastric caeca that secrete digestive enzymes |
| Has a typhlosole to increase absorptive surface of the intestine | Has no typhlosole |
Three similarities: both have a mouth, both have a muscular gizzard for grinding food, and both have a complete (one-way) alimentary canal ending in an anus with a distinct crop for storage.
(b)
(i) The biological cycle illustrated is the carbon cycle (carbon dioxide - oxygen cycle).
(ii) Three roles played by plants and animals in the cycle:
- Green plants take in carbon dioxide during photosynthesis and fix it into organic food, removing carbon dioxide from the air.
- Plants and animals release carbon dioxide back into the air during respiration.
- When plants and animals die, their bodies are decomposed, releasing carbon dioxide; animals also transfer carbon along food chains by feeding on plants.
(iii) Processes: X - photosynthesis, Y - respiration, Z - decay (decomposition) / combustion.
(c) Organs of excretion in humans and diseases affecting them:
| Excretory organ | Three diseases affecting the organ |
|---|
| Kidney | Nephritis, kidney stones, kidney failure |
| Skin | Eczema, scabies, ringworm |
| Lungs | Pneumonia, tuberculosis, bronchitis |
| Liver | Hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, jaundice |
(d)
(i) Decay of organic matter is the breaking down of dead plant and animal tissues into simpler substances by the action of micro-organisms.
(ii) Two groups of organisms that cause decay: bacteria and fungi.
(iii) One other factor that causes decay: suitable warmth (temperature); also moisture and oxygen.
(iv) The biological cycle that involves decay: the carbon cycle (and the nitrogen cycle).
(e) Carnivorous plants are green and carry out photosynthesis to make carbohydrates, but they grow in nitrogen-deficient soils. They trap and digest small insects using modified leaves (traps), secreting enzymes that break down the animal protein to obtain nitrogen and other mineral nutrients. Their nutrition is therefore partly autotrophic (photosynthetic) and partly heterotrophic (holozoic on insects).
