Study carefully specimens H, Jand K and use them to answer questions 4(a) to 4(d). (a) State the habitat of specimen J. (b) State (i) five observable featur...
Question 1 Report
Study carefully specimens H, Jand K and use them to answer questions 4(a) to 4(d).
(a) State the habitat of specimen J.
(b) State (i) five observable features of specimen J;
(ii) how the features in 4(b)(i) adapt specimen J to its habitat.
(c)(i) List two differences between specimens H and J.
(ii) State three similarities between specimen H and the skin of specimen J.
(iii) State how the similar features named in 4(C)(i) above adapt specimen H for its functions.
(d)(i) Classify specimen K into its phylum and class. (ii) Give three reasons for placing specimen in its class.
(iii) List three observable features of specimen K and state how these features adapt it to its mode of life.
Answer Details
(a) Habitat of Specimen J (toad): wet, damp places on land, such as under leaves, stones and in small holes near ponds and streams.
(b)(i) Five observable features of Specimen J (toad): webbed digits on the hind limbs; a moist, warty skin; bulging eyes on top of the head; nostrils placed on top of the head; short, stout fore-limbs and long, strong hind limbs.
(b)(ii) How the features adapt Specimen J to its habitat: the webbed hind digits are used for swimming and paddling in water; the moist skin provides a surface for gaseous exchange, while the warty skin reduces water loss; the bulging eyes on top of the head allow it to see while the body is submerged; the nostrils on top of the head let it breathe air while partly submerged; the short, stout fore-limbs act as shock absorbers on landing, and the long, strong hind limbs are used for hopping on land.
(c)(i) Two differences between Specimens H and J
| Specimen H (lung) | Specimen J (toad) |
|---|---|
| Bright red or pink | Dark grey or brown |
| An organ (part of an animal) | A complete organism |
(c)(ii) Three similarities between Specimen H and the skin of Specimen J: both have thin surface membranes; both have a moist surface; and both have a large surface area richly supplied with blood vessels (highly vascularised).
(c)(iii) How these features adapt Specimen H (lung) for its function: the thin membranes allow easy diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide; the moist surface dissolves the gases before they diffuse; the abundant blood vessels transport the respiratory gases; and the large surface area gives room for rapid exchange of gases.
(d)(i) Classification of Specimen K (maize leaf): Phylum Angiospermophyta (Magnoliophyta); Class Monocotyledoneae.
(d)(ii) Three reasons for placing it in that class: it has a long, narrow blade; parallel venation; and a leaf sheath at its base.
(d)(iii) Three observable features of Specimen K and how they adapt it to its mode of life: the broad, flat blade gives a large surface area to absorb maximum sunlight; the green colour (chlorophyll) absorbs light energy for photosynthesis; and the numerous parallel veins transport water to and manufactured food away from the leaf.
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