(a)(i) What is a joint? (ii) List three types of movable joints and mention one location in the mammalian body of each type. (b)(i) Make a labelled diagram,...

(a)(i) A joint is the place where two or more bones meet or articulate.

(a)(ii) Types of movable joints and their locations are:

(b)(i) Labelled diagram of a typical movable (synovial) joint, drawn to a length of about 9 cm:

(b)(iii) The joint is adapted for movement as follows:

1. The ends of the bones are covered with smooth articular cartilage. This prevents direct rubbing of bone on bone, reduces friction and absorbs shock.
2. The synovial membrane secretes synovial fluid into the synovial cavity.
3. The synovial fluid lubricates the articulating surfaces, reducing friction and wear and allowing easy movement.
4. The tough fibrous joint capsule encloses the joint, retains the synovial fluid and provides support.
5. Ligaments bind the bones firmly together, stabilise the joint and prevent excessive movement or dislocation while allowing the required movement.