An election which is conducted to fill a vacant seat in a legislature is called a

An election which is conducted to fill a vacant seat in a legislature is called a bye-election. This type of election is also referred to as a special election or a by-election. It is usually held when there is a vacancy in an elected office, such as a legislative seat, due to death, resignation, or disqualification of the incumbent. The bye-election is held to fill the vacancy and ensure that the representation of the people in that office is maintained. Unlike a general election which involves the election of all representatives, a bye-election is limited to a specific office or constituency.