(a) Mention five characteristics of democracy (b) State five ways by which the practice of democracy can contribute to national development

(a) Five characteristics of democracy

1. Periodic free and fair elections - leaders are chosen by the people at regular intervals.
2. Rule of law - everyone is equal before the law and government acts according to law.
3. Respect for fundamental human rights - the rights and freedoms of citizens are guaranteed.
4. Existence of political parties - multiple parties give citizens a choice of candidates and programmes.
5. Separation of powers - power is shared among the legislature, executive and judiciary to prevent dictatorship. (Also majority rule with protection of minority rights and freedom of the press.)

(b) Five ways the practice of democracy can contribute to national development

1. It ensures accountability and good governance - elected leaders serve the people and can be voted out, reducing corruption.
2. It guarantees peace and stability - orderly change of government prevents violence, encouraging development.
3. It protects human rights and freedom - free citizens contribute their ideas and talents to national growth.
4. It encourages popular participation - people take part in decision-making, so policies reflect their needs.
5. It attracts foreign investment and aid - a stable democratic country attracts investors, boosting the economy and infrastructure.