A researcher investigates whether an anti-bullying workshop changes bystander behaviour. One class receives the workshop and another class continues normal ...
Question 1 Report
A researcher investigates whether an anti-bullying workshop changes bystander behaviour. One class receives the workshop and another class continues normal lessons. Teachers count helpful interventions during break times for the following month.
(a) Identify one extraneous variable that could affect the teachers’ counts. [1]
(b) Describe one way to make the measure of helpful intervention more objective. [2]
(c) Explain why the study may have low population validity. [1]
(d) Evaluate whether the researcher should use a directional hypothesis. [2]
Answer Details
(a) Any one: differences in class culture / teacher presence / number of break-time incidents / prior friendship groups [1] (b) Create a behavioural checklist with observable actions, such as telling an adult or supporting a victim [1], and train teachers to apply the same definitions [1] (c) Two classes may not represent students in other schools, ages or locations [1] (d) A directional hypothesis is suitable if prior research or theory predicts that the workshop will increase helpful interventions [1]; without a justified predicted direction, a non-directional hypothesis is safer [1].
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