A hydrogen supply is checked at a small ammonia plant. Hydrogen is made from water before it is used in the reaction to produce ammonia. Fig. 1 is a simplif...
Question 1 Report
A hydrogen supply is checked at a small ammonia plant. Hydrogen is made from water before it is used in the reaction to produce ammonia. Fig. 1 is a simplified particle picture of one ordinary hydrogen atom from the supply. The small black dot is in the first shell.
Table 1 compares two atoms that can occur in hydrogen samples. The plant records the mass number so that the correct gas is used.
| atom | number of protons | number of neutrons |
|---|---|---|
| hydrogen-1 | 1 | 0 |
| hydrogen-2 | 1 | 1 |
(a) Complete this information for a neutral hydrogen-1 atom: number of electrons, atomic number, mass number and charge of the nucleus. [4]
(b) Name the particle shown as the small black dot in Fig. 1. [1]
(c) Use Table 1 to state two differences between hydrogen-1 and hydrogen-2. [2]
(d) What is the charge of a hydrogen-1 nucleus? [1]
(e) Describe how a hydrogen ion, H+, is formed from a hydrogen atom. [2]
(f) Calculate the total number of electrons in 12 hydrogen ions, H+. [1]
Answer Details
(a) For neutral hydrogen-1: number of electrons = 1; atomic number = 1; mass number = 1; and nuclear charge = 1+. The nucleus contains one positively charged proton and no neutron. [4]
(b) The small black dot is an electron. [1]
(c) Hydrogen-1 has 0 neutrons, whereas hydrogen-2 has 1 neutron. Therefore hydrogen-1 has mass number 1, whereas hydrogen-2 has mass number 2. [2]
(d) A hydrogen-1 nucleus has charge 1+. [1]
(e) A hydrogen ion, \(\mathrm{H^+}\), forms when a hydrogen atom loses an electron. It then has one more proton than electrons, giving it a positive charge. [2]
(f) Each \(\mathrm{H^+}\) ion has no electrons, so 12 ions contain 0 electrons. [1]
Download The App On Google Playstore
Everything you need to excel in your exams
