The process or act of extracting a metal from its ore and refining it is called?

The process of extracting a metal from its ore and refining it is called metallurgy. This is the scientific and technical process of extracting metals from their ores, purifying them, and preparing them for use. This can include various steps such as crushing and grinding the ore, concentrating the metal, and finally refining it to obtain the pure metal. Metallurgy is an important field that combines science, engineering, and technology to produce metals that are essential for various industries and applications. It plays a critical role in modern society and is used to produce a wide range of metals including copper, aluminum, iron, and gold, among others.