(a) Explain the following terms… | Biology

Question 1 Report

(a) Explain the following terms:
(i) Population
(ii) Competition
(iii) Succession

(b)(i) State three sources of noise pollution.
(ii) List two ways by which noise pollution can be reduced.

Answer

(a) Explanation of terms

(i) Population - A population is the total number of organisms of the same species living together in a given habitat at a particular time, and which can interbreed. Example: all the tilapia fish in one pond.
(ii) Competition - Competition is the struggle among organisms for the same limited resources such as food, water, light, space and mates. It may be intraspecific (between members of the same species) or interspecific (between members of different species).
(iii) Succession - Succession is the gradual and orderly replacement of one community of organisms by another in a given area over a period of time, until a stable community (the climax community) is finally established.

(b)(i) Three sources of noise pollution

Vehicles and heavy traffic (cars, lorries, motorcycles) and aircraft engines.
Industrial machinery in factories.
Loud music from public address systems, loudspeakers and entertainment houses (also generators and construction equipment).

(b)(ii) Two ways of reducing noise pollution

Fitting machines, engines and vehicles with silencers or mufflers, and servicing them regularly.
Enforcing laws that ban or limit loud noise, and planting trees or building walls that act as sound barriers around noisy areas.

(c)(i) Three effects of smoke on humans

It irritates the respiratory tract and causes coughing and breathing difficulty (bronchitis, asthma).
It reduces the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood (carbon monoxide in smoke combines with haemoglobin).
It can cause lung cancer and other lung diseases, and irritates the eyes.

(c)(ii) Three effects of sewage on humans

It contaminates drinking water and spreads water-borne diseases such as cholera, typhoid and dysentery.
It provides a breeding ground for disease vectors such as houseflies and mosquitoes.
It produces offensive smells and can cause food poisoning and infection by parasitic worms.

Answer Details

(a) Explanation of terms

(i) Population - A population is the total number of organisms of the same species living together in a given habitat at a particular time, and which can interbreed. Example: all the tilapia fish in one pond.
(ii) Competition - Competition is the struggle among organisms for the same limited resources such as food, water, light, space and mates. It may be intraspecific (between members of the same species) or interspecific (between members of different species).
(iii) Succession - Succession is the gradual and orderly replacement of one community of organisms by another in a given area over a period of time, until a stable community (the climax community) is finally established.

(b)(i) Three sources of noise pollution

Vehicles and heavy traffic (cars, lorries, motorcycles) and aircraft engines.
Industrial machinery in factories.
Loud music from public address systems, loudspeakers and entertainment houses (also generators and construction equipment).

(b)(ii) Two ways of reducing noise pollution

Fitting machines, engines and vehicles with silencers or mufflers, and servicing them regularly.
Enforcing laws that ban or limit loud noise, and planting trees or building walls that act as sound barriers around noisy areas.

(c)(i) Three effects of smoke on humans

It irritates the respiratory tract and causes coughing and breathing difficulty (bronchitis, asthma).
It reduces the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood (carbon monoxide in smoke combines with haemoglobin).
It can cause lung cancer and other lung diseases, and irritates the eyes.

(c)(ii) Three effects of sewage on humans

It contaminates drinking water and spreads water-borne diseases such as cholera, typhoid and dysentery.
It provides a breeding ground for disease vectors such as houseflies and mosquitoes.
It produces offensive smells and can cause food poisoning and infection by parasitic worms.

(a) Explain the following terms: (i) Population (ii) Competition (iii) Succession (b)(i) State three sources of noise pollution. (ii) List two ways by which...