(a) Define nationalism. (b) What factors aided the growth of nationalism in Nigeria?

(a) Definition of nationalism

Nationalism is the strong feeling of love, loyalty and devotion to one's nation, expressed as the desire and organised struggle of a people to be free from foreign (colonial) rule and to govern themselves.

(b) Factors that aided the growth of nationalism in Nigeria

1. Western education. Educated Nigerians became aware of ideas of liberty, equality and self-government and provided leadership for the struggle.
2. The mass media. Newspapers such as the West African Pilot spread nationalist ideas and criticised colonial rule.
3. Influence of returnee ex-servicemen. Nigerian soldiers who fought in the Second World War returned enlightened and unwilling to accept colonial subjugation.
4. The Second World War and the Atlantic Charter. The Charter's principle of self-determination inspired colonial peoples to demand independence.
5. Formation of political parties and unions. Bodies such as the NNDP, NYM, NCNC and WASU organised and channelled nationalist agitation.
6. Economic exploitation. Resentment against colonial economic policies, taxation and racial discrimination fuelled the demand for change.
7. Influence of foreign nationalist movements. The Indian independence struggle and Pan-Africanism encouraged Nigerians.
8. Improved transport and communication. Roads, railways and postal services made it easier to organise and unite people across the country.
9. Racial discrimination. Unequal treatment of Africans in employment and public life bred a common grievance.