(a) List three major zones in the marine habitat stating one characteristic feature of each zone. (b) (i) Give one example each of plants and animals in the...
Question 1 Report
(a) List three major zones in the marine habitat stating one characteristic feature of each zone.
(b) (i) Give one example each of plants and animals in the marine habitat.
(ii) Explain how each of the plant and animal is adapted to the habitat.
(c) State three bahavioural adaptations of animals to seasonal changes in terrestrial habitat.
(d) State three characteristics each of the plant community in the tropical rain forest and savanna.
Answer Details
(a) Three major zones in the marine habitat with one characteristic feature each
| Zone | Characteristic feature |
|---|---|
| Littoral (intertidal) zone | The shore region that is alternately covered and exposed by the tides; well lit and shallow. |
| Neritic zone | Shallow water over the continental shelf; sunlit, rich in nutrients and living things. |
| Abyssal (deep-sea) zone | Very deep water; dark (no light), cold, with high pressure. |
The oceanic/pelagic zone (open surface waters) is also acceptable.
(b)(i) One plant and one animal example in the marine habitat
Plant: a brown seaweed (algae) such as Sargassum. Animal: a bony fish (e.g. herring).
(b)(ii) How each is adapted to the habitat
- Seaweed (plant): it has a holdfast that anchors it firmly to rocks against the pull of waves and currents; its body (thallus) is flexible/leathery so that it bends with the waves without breaking; and it has no true roots or rigid stem since water supports it.
- Fish (animal): it has a streamlined body that reduces resistance while swimming; gills for extracting dissolved oxygen from the water; fins for swimming, steering and balance; and its body fluids/kidneys are adapted to cope with the salinity of sea water.
(c) Three behavioural adaptations of animals to seasonal changes in a terrestrial habitat
- Migration - moving to more favourable areas during unfavourable seasons.
- Aestivation - becoming dormant during the hot, dry season.
- Hibernation - becoming dormant/inactive during the cold season.
(d) Three characteristics each of the plant community of the tropical rain forest and the savanna
Tropical rain forest:
- Tall trees forming several layers (storeys) with a closed canopy.
- Trees are evergreen with broad leaves.
- Presence of many climbers (lianas) and epiphytes; great variety (diversity) of species.
Savanna:
- Dominated by tall grasses with scattered, short trees.
- Trees are widely spaced, deciduous, with small leaves and often thorny.
- Trees show drought adaptations (thick bark, deep roots); fewer species than the forest.
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