Which of the following strengthen the power of the Supreme Court against the executive and the legislature?

Judicial review strengthens the power of the Supreme Court against the executive and the legislature. Judicial review is the power of the court to review and potentially invalidate actions taken by the executive or legislative branches of government. This power allows the Supreme Court to ensure that the actions of these branches of government are constitutional and comply with the law. By exercising judicial review, the Supreme Court can strike down laws or executive actions that are deemed to be unconstitutional or in violation of the law. This power gives the Supreme Court a significant check on the power of the executive and legislative branches of government, as it allows the court to hold these branches accountable and prevent them from overstepping their constitutional boundaries. Therefore, of the options given, judicial review is the one that strengthens the power of the Supreme Court against the executive and the legislature, as it allows the court to review and potentially invalidate the actions of these branches of government.