(a) State two difference between tactic and nastic movements in plants.
(b) Give two examples each of organisms that show:
(i) tactic movement
(ii) nastic movement
(c) (i) State three ways of caring for the mammalian skin.
(ii) List three stimuli to which the mammalian skin is sensitive.
(d) State five effects of high temperature on a terrestrial habitat.
(e) (i) What is courtship behaviour in animals?
(ii) List three courtship behaviours in animals.
(f) Name three organisms that carry out holozoic mode of nutrition.
(g) Explain briefly how fingerprinting can be used to detect crime.
(a) Two differences between tactic and nastic movements
| Tactic movement | Nastic movement |
|---|
| The whole organism moves from one place to another | Only a part of the plant moves; the plant stays in place |
| The direction of movement depends on the direction of the stimulus | The direction is independent of the direction of the stimulus |
(b) Two examples each
- (i) Tactic movement: Euglena and Chlamydomonas (also Amoeba, Paramecium).
- (ii) Nastic movement: Mimosa pudica (sensitive plant) and the flower of Portulaca (also the Venus fly-trap).
(c)(i) Three ways of caring for the mammalian skin
- Bathe (wash) the skin regularly with soap and clean water.
- Wear clean, well-aired clothing.
- Eat a balanced diet rich in vitamins and treat cuts or skin infections promptly.
(c)(ii) Three stimuli to which the mammalian skin is sensitive: touch (pressure), temperature (heat and cold) and pain.
(d) Five effects of high temperature on a terrestrial habitat
- It increases the rate of evaporation and transpiration, drying out the soil and plants.
- It lowers the humidity of the air.
- It causes wilting and can kill plants and seedlings.
- It forces some animals to burrow, become nocturnal or migrate (aestivate) to avoid the heat.
- It speeds up decay of organic matter and reduces the water available to organisms.
(e)(i) What is courtship behaviour?
Courtship behaviour is the special pattern of actions carried out by animals (usually the male) to attract a mate of the opposite sex and prepare for mating.
(e)(ii) Three courtship behaviours: display of bright colours or plumage (as in the peacock); special calls, songs or sounds; special dances or movements (and the offering of food or nest material).
(f) Three organisms that carry out holozoic nutrition: human being, dog and Amoeba.
(g) How fingerprinting is used to detect crime
Every person has a unique pattern of ridges on the fingertips that never changes through life. At a crime scene the finger marks (prints) left on surfaces are dusted, lifted and compared with the fingerprints of suspects. If a suspect's fingerprint pattern matches the print found at the scene, it is strong evidence that the person was present, so the criminal can be identified.
(a) Two differences between tactic and nastic movements
| Tactic movement | Nastic movement |
|---|
| The whole organism moves from one place to another | Only a part of the plant moves; the plant stays in place |
| The direction of movement depends on the direction of the stimulus | The direction is independent of the direction of the stimulus |
(b) Two examples each
- (i) Tactic movement: Euglena and Chlamydomonas (also Amoeba, Paramecium).
- (ii) Nastic movement: Mimosa pudica (sensitive plant) and the flower of Portulaca (also the Venus fly-trap).
(c)(i) Three ways of caring for the mammalian skin
- Bathe (wash) the skin regularly with soap and clean water.
- Wear clean, well-aired clothing.
- Eat a balanced diet rich in vitamins and treat cuts or skin infections promptly.
(c)(ii) Three stimuli to which the mammalian skin is sensitive: touch (pressure), temperature (heat and cold) and pain.
(d) Five effects of high temperature on a terrestrial habitat
- It increases the rate of evaporation and transpiration, drying out the soil and plants.
- It lowers the humidity of the air.
- It causes wilting and can kill plants and seedlings.
- It forces some animals to burrow, become nocturnal or migrate (aestivate) to avoid the heat.
- It speeds up decay of organic matter and reduces the water available to organisms.
(e)(i) What is courtship behaviour?
Courtship behaviour is the special pattern of actions carried out by animals (usually the male) to attract a mate of the opposite sex and prepare for mating.
(e)(ii) Three courtship behaviours: display of bright colours or plumage (as in the peacock); special calls, songs or sounds; special dances or movements (and the offering of food or nest material).
(f) Three organisms that carry out holozoic nutrition: human being, dog and Amoeba.
(g) How fingerprinting is used to detect crime
Every person has a unique pattern of ridges on the fingertips that never changes through life. At a crime scene the finger marks (prints) left on surfaces are dusted, lifted and compared with the fingerprints of suspects. If a suspect's fingerprint pattern matches the print found at the scene, it is strong evidence that the person was present, so the criminal can be identified.
