The process of recording the financial transactions of government is

Recording the financial transactions of government, that is, the receipts and payments of ministries, departments, and other public bodies funded from the public purse, is the specific branch of accounting called public sector accounting.

Public sector accounting has its own conventions suited to government activity, such as cash-basis recording, fund accounting, and control against budgeted appropriations, because the goal is accountability for public money rather than measuring business profit.

Cost accounting focuses on determining the cost of producing goods or services within a business for internal decision-making; management accounting focuses on providing information to managers for planning, control, and decision-making generally; financial accounting is the broader discipline of recording and reporting a private entity's financial transactions for external users. None of these three is specifically concerned with recording the transactions of government bodies, which is the defining feature of public sector accounting.

When a question refers to recording transactions of central or local government specifically, public sector accounting is the term being tested, not the more general financial or management accounting labels.