God sent ten plagues on Egypt to compel Pharaoh to release the Israelites from slavery, as recorded in Exodus chapters 7-12. The ten plagues were:
Water turned to blood (Exodus 7:20)
Frogs (Exodus 8:6)
Gnats (lice) (Exodus 8:17)
Flies (Exodus 8:24)
Death of livestock (Exodus 9:6)
Boils (Exodus 9:10)
Hail (Exodus 9:23)
Locusts (Exodus 10:13)
Darkness (Exodus 10:22)
Death of the firstborn (Exodus 12:29)
Each plague demonstrated God's power over the Egyptian gods and intensified the pressure on Pharaoh. The tenth and final plague, the death of the firstborn, directly led to the institution of the Passover and the Exodus of the Israelites from Egypt.
The number ten is specific and well-established in Scripture. The other numbers offered (7, 5, and 12) do not correspond to the biblical account.
