(a) (i) Define the term migration (ii) Name four types of migration in Africa (b) Outline any four causes of migration in Africa (c) Suggest any three ways ...

(a)(i) Definition of migration

Migration is the more or less permanent movement of people from one place (their place of origin) to another (their destination), involving a change of residence.

(a)(ii) Four types of migration in Africa

• Rural-urban migration (from villages to towns).
• Rural-rural migration (from one farming area to another).
• Urban-rural migration (from towns back to villages).
• International migration (movement across national boundaries), which may be permanent, seasonal or in the form of nomadism.

(b) Four causes of migration in Africa

• Search for employment and higher incomes in towns and industrial centres.
• Better social amenities such as schools, hospitals and electricity in the towns.
• Pressure on land, poverty and low farm incomes in the rural areas (push factors).
• Wars, political instability, insecurity and natural disasters such as drought and flood.
• The pull of better educational and business opportunities.

(c) Three ways migration can be reduced in Africa

• Providing jobs and social amenities (schools, hospitals, electricity, good roads) in the rural areas to make them attractive.
• Developing agriculture and rural industries to raise farm incomes and keep people on the land.
• Ensuring peace, security and political stability to check the movement of refugees.
• Even development of all parts of the country so that opportunities are not concentrated in a few cities.