Fig. 1 shows a diagram of two vertebrae from the human skeleton. A warehouse worker lifts boxes for several hours each day. The worker reports pain after tw...
Question 1 Report
Fig. 1 shows a diagram of two vertebrae from the human skeleton. A warehouse worker lifts boxes for several hours each day. The worker reports pain after twisting the body while holding a box. The doctor explains that the structure labelled X between adjacent bones is important when the body bends and absorbs impacts.
(a) Name the structure labelled X. [1]
(b) State the main material found in a healthy structure X. [1]
(c) Explain how X protects the vertebrae during lifting. [2]
(d) Describe two ways the skeleton helps the worker carry out everyday movement. [2]
(e) Which type of joint allows only limited movement between vertebrae? [2]
Answer Details
(a) X is an intervertebral disc. [1]
(b) A healthy disc contains cartilage. [1]
(c) The disc acts as a cushion and absorbs shock during lifting. It prevents neighbouring vertebrae from rubbing or colliding. [2]
(d) Bones provide attachment points for muscles. Joints allow bones to move relative to each other, while the skeleton provides a rigid framework for movement. [2]
(e) Vertebrae are connected by a slightly movable joint. It allows only a small amount of movement. [2]
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