Fig. 1 shows an X-ray-style diagram of a forearm after a fall from a skateboard. The radius has fractured near the wrist. The arm was placed in a plaster ca...
Question 1 Report
Fig. 1 shows an X-ray-style diagram of a forearm after a fall from a skateboard. The radius has fractured near the wrist. The arm was placed in a plaster cast, and follow-up images were taken over six weeks. A doctor explains that bone is living tissue and that repair depends on specialised bone cells, blood supply and correct alignment.
(a) Name the bone labelled Y. [1]
(b) State what is shown by X. [1]
(c) Describe the role of a plaster cast during early repair. [2]
(d) Explain why an adequate blood supply is needed at the damaged bone. [3]
(e) Describe two changes that occur as the fracture heals. [2]
(f) Which mineral, obtained partly from food, is needed to make bone hard? [1]
(g) State two risks of returning to weight training before the bone has healed. [2]
Answer Details
(a) Y is the ulna. [1]
(b) X shows a fracture, or break, in the radius. [1]
(c) A plaster cast keeps the broken bone ends aligned and prevents excessive movement while repair takes place. [2]
(d) Blood supplies oxygen and glucose or other nutrients to the damaged tissue. These are needed for respiration, which releases energy for cell division and repair. [3]
(e) During healing, a blood clot or callus forms and new bone cells are produced. New bone is deposited across the gap, then remodelled and strengthened. Any two valid changes gain credit. [2]
(f) The mineral is calcium. [1]
(g) Returning early to weight training could reopen the fracture or misalign the bone ends. It could also delay healing or cause pain and further tissue damage. Any two valid risks gain credit. [2]
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