The diagram shows a reef profile studied by divers on the north coast of a small Caribbean island. Their resource booklet figure records the reef crest, a s...
Question 1 Report
The diagram shows a reef profile studied by divers on the north coast of a small Caribbean island. Their resource booklet figure records the reef crest, a shallow lagoon and the steep seaward slope. The divers observed that branching coral was common in clear shallow water, whereas few living corals occurred in the deeper part of the slope. A hotel proposal would discharge treated wastewater near the lagoon. Use Fig. 1 and your geographical knowledge to consider why coral reefs are distinctive coastal ecosystems and how they may be protected.
(a) Identify two parts of Fig. 1 where living coral is most likely to grow. [5]
(b) Describe four physical conditions needed for rapid coral growth at a coastal site. [8]
(c) Explain how wastewater from the proposed hotel could damage the coral-reef ecosystem and affect people who use this coastal resource. [12]
Answer Details
(a) Living coral is most likely at the reef crest and in the shallow lagoon. Both are shallow, close to sea level, so enough light can reach corals and their symbiotic algae. [5]
(b) Coral grows rapidly in warm water, usually above about 20°C; shallow water with enough sunlight; clear water with little sediment; clean water with limited pollution; saline marine water; a stable hard surface for attachment; and low nutrient input. Any four. [8]
(c) Wastewater can add nutrients such as nitrates and phosphates, causing rapid algal growth. Algae make water less clear, reducing light for photosynthesis by the symbiotic algae in coral tissue. Algae can also cover and compete with coral. Decomposition of organic waste uses oxygen, and low oxygen can kill fish and other reef organisms. Pollution may increase coral disease. Loss of coral reduces habitat and biodiversity, reducing fish catches for local fishers and making the reef less attractive for diving tourism. A damaged reef also gives the island less protection from wave erosion. [12]
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