Fig. 1 is a resource booklet figure prepared for a national development conference in the fictional country of Ardovia. It compares conditions in the capita...
Question 1 Report
Fig. 1 is a resource booklet figure prepared for a national development conference in the fictional country of Ardovia. It compares conditions in the capital, a manufacturing town and a remote farming district. The diagram does not provide a single ranking. Instead, it shows that measures of welfare can point in different directions. Conference delegates must decide where to target a limited health and education resource. They have been told not to assume that the area with the lowest GDP per capita must have the lowest quality of life in every respect.
(a) Identify the area with the highest GDP per capita in Fig. 1. [1]
(b) Which area has the longest travel time to a clinic? [1]
(c) Describe two contrasts between the capital and the farming district shown in the study figure. [4]
(d) State three reasons why air quality is relevant to human welfare. [6]
(e) Explain why the manufacturing town may have a higher GDP per capita than the farming district but poorer health outcomes. [6]
(f) Describe two pieces of data delegates should collect before deciding where to locate a new clinic. [4]
(g) Explain why a development index should combine several indicators rather than use the information in one box only. [5]
(h) Name one limitation of comparing areas using percentages of children attending school. [3]
Answer Details
(a) The capital has the highest GDP per capita. [1]
(b) The farming district has the longest journey to a clinic, at 90 minutes. [1]
(c) The capital has high GDP per capita whereas the farming district has low GDP per capita. Clinic travel time is 20 minutes in the capital but 90 minutes in the farming district. School attendance is 95% compared with 88%, while air quality is poor in the capital but clean in the farming district. Any two contrasts. [4]
(d) Poor air quality can cause respiratory disease, reduce quality of life and lower life expectancy. Illness can cause people to miss work or school, and health costs can reduce household income. Any three. [6]
(e) Manufacturing can raise output and wages, increasing GDP per capita. However, factory emissions can worsen air quality, which can cause respiratory illness. Health services may also be under pressure. Therefore, higher income does not necessarily produce better health outcomes. [6]
(f) Delegates should collect data such as population size and distribution, age structure, existing clinic capacity, disease rates, actual journey times and transport availability, and household income or access barriers. Any two. [4]
(g) Each indicator has limited meaning. GDP measures output, not health or education, while clinic access measures service availability rather than income. The indicators can conflict between places, so combining them gives a more balanced picture of welfare. [5]
(h) School-attendance percentages do not show teaching or learning quality. Attendance may be irregular, and an overall percentage can hide differences by gender, income or settlement. [3]
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