The diagram shows a comparison of two species of iron used in a corrosion investigation. Iron filings are placed in water and oxygen, but Fig. 1 shows the p...
Question 1 Report
The diagram shows a comparison of two species of iron used in a corrosion investigation. Iron filings are placed in water and oxygen, but Fig. 1 shows the particles before the reaction. The left particle is a neutral iron atom and the right particle is an iron ion.
(a) State the mass number of each species in Fig. 1. [1]
(b) Give the charge on the iron ion. [1]
(c) Explain how the iron ion has formed from the iron atom. [2]
(d) Name the particles in the nucleus that account for the mass number. [2]
(e) Complete the formula for the oxide ion: O______ . [1]
(f) Give the formula of iron(III) oxide formed during corrosion. [2]
(g) State why an iron-54 atom is an isotope of the iron atom shown. [2]
(h) When iron reacts with dilute sulfuric acid, name the gas produced. [1]
(i) Give the formula of iron sulfate made when iron reacts with sulfuric acid. [2]
(j) Which particle has the smallest relative mass: proton, neutron or electron? [1]
Answer Details
(a) Each species has \(26\) protons and \(30\) neutrons, so its mass number is \(26+30=\boldsymbol{56}\). [1]
(b) The ion has 26 protons but only 23 electrons, so it has lost three electrons and has charge \(3+\). [1]
(c) The ion formed when the atom loses electrons, specifically three electrons. [2]
(d) The nucleus particles that account for mass number are protons and neutrons. [2]
(e) The oxide ion is \(\mathrm{O^{2-}}\). [1]
(f) Iron(III) oxide is \(\mathrm{Fe_2O_3}\). Two \(\mathrm{Fe^{3+}}\) ions balance three \(\mathrm{O^{2-}}\) ions. [2]
(g) Iron-54 is an isotope because it has the same number of protons, and hence the same atomic number, as the iron shown, but a different number of neutrons and mass number. [2]
(h) Iron reacting with dilute sulfuric acid produces hydrogen. [1]
(i) Iron sulfate is \(\mathrm{FeSO_4}\). Iron forms \(\mathrm{Fe^{2+}}\) ions with sulfate \(\mathrm{SO_4^{2-}}\) ions. [2]
(j) The electron has the smallest relative mass. [1]
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