The diagram shows the apparatus used by a technician to remove excess magnesium oxide solid from magnesium sulfate solution. Magnesium oxide was added in sm...
Question 1 Report
The diagram shows the apparatus used by a technician to remove excess magnesium oxide solid from magnesium sulfate solution. Magnesium oxide was added in small pieces to dilute sulfuric acid until no more of the solid reacted. The mixture was then poured through the apparatus in Fig. 1. The clear liquid collected in the beaker is later heated to obtain magnesium sulfate crystals. This method prevents acid from remaining in the final solution.
(a) Name the parts labelled X, Y and Z. [3]
(b) State the purpose of the filter paper in this process. [1]
(c) Complete the word equation.
magnesium oxide + sulfuric acid → ................................ + ................................ [3]
(d) Give two observations when magnesium oxide is added to sulfuric acid before filtration. [2]
(e) When the filtrate is heated, state two safety precautions. [2]
(f) Which piece of apparatus is used to heat the filtrate gently until crystals begin to form? [1]
(g) Explain why the technician adds excess magnesium oxide before filtering. [3]
Answer Details
(a) X is a filter funnel, Y is filter paper, and Z is the filtrate. [3]
(b) Filter paper separates insoluble magnesium oxide from solution: liquid passes through but solid is retained. [1]
(c) magnesium oxide + sulfuric acid → magnesium sulfate + water. [3]
(d) The white solid dissolves at first. Once excess magnesium oxide has been added, some white solid remains in the colourless solution. [2]
(e) Wear eye protection and heat gently. Using tongs or a heatproof mat, and not heating to dryness, are also suitable precautions. Any two. [2]
(f) Heat the filtrate in an evaporating basin. [1]
(g) Excess magnesium oxide ensures all sulfuric acid reacts. The excess is insoluble, so it remains as a solid and can be removed by filtration. This leaves no acid in the magnesium sulfate solution. [3]
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