A hospital ward uses a fluid balance chart for a person recovering after an operation. Fig. 1 shows a nurse measuring urine collected through a catheter int...
Question 1 Report
A hospital ward uses a fluid balance chart for a person recovering after an operation. Fig. 1 shows a nurse measuring urine collected through a catheter into a graduated bag. During the first six hours, the person received 900 cm3 of fluid through a tube but produced only 120 cm3 of dark urine. The doctor suspects that the person may be dehydrated following blood loss during surgery. A sample is sent to the laboratory to measure urea concentration and to check for glucose. The nurse must record urine volume accurately so that the medical team can decide whether further fluid is needed.
(a) Name the organ that normally filters urea from the blood to form urine. [1]
(b) Describe the appearance of urine expected when its water concentration is low. [1]
(c) Explain why low blood volume can lead to increased water reabsorption in the nephron. [3]
(d) Complete the following statement: glucose is normally removed from the fluid in the nephron by selective __________. [1]
Answer Details
(a) The kidney normally filters urea from the blood to form urine. [1]
(b) Urine with a low water concentration is darker and more concentrated. [1]
(c) Low blood volume is detected by the body, which needs to conserve water. More water is reabsorbed from the nephron tubule into blood capillaries. This reduces water loss in urine and helps restore blood volume. [3]
(d) Glucose is normally removed from nephron fluid by selective reabsorption. [1]
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