(a) Discuss two possible solutions to each of the following problems of agricultural development in Africa: (i) Poor transportation (i) Environmental degrad...

(a) Two solutions to each problem of agricultural development in Africa:

(i) Poor transportation:

• Construct and maintain good rural/feeder roads linking farms to markets.
• Provide adequate means of transport such as vehicles, and develop railways and waterways.

(ii) Environmental degradation:

• Practise soil-conservation measures such as afforestation, cover cropping, terracing and controlled grazing.
• Avoid bush burning and enforce laws against deforestation and pollution.

(iii) Use of crude farm tools:

• Introduce and subsidise modern machines and improved implements for farmers.
• Train farmers in the use and maintenance of modern equipment and provide credit to buy them.

(b) Three precautions when using each type of farm power:

(i) Animal power:

• Do not overload or overwork the animals; give them rest.
• Feed and water them well and keep them healthy.
• Use well-fitting harnesses to avoid injuring the animals.

(ii) Electrical power:

• Avoid touching electrical wires/switches with wet hands.
• Repair faulty wiring and insulate/earth all connections properly.
• Switch off the mains before servicing equipment and avoid overloading circuits.

(c) Six reasons for maintaining farm tools and implements:

• To make them last longer (increase durability).
• To keep them in good working condition and efficient.
• To prevent rust and damage.
• To reduce the cost of frequent repair and replacement.
• To prevent accidents/injury during use.
• To ensure good quality of work and save time and labour.