What are the merits and demerits of a multi-party system of government?

Multi-party system of government

A multi-party system is one in which three or more political parties are legally allowed to exist and compete for political power through elections.

Merits

1. Wider choice. Voters have a range of parties and programmes to choose from.
2. Effective opposition. Rival parties check the excesses of the ruling party and expose its shortcomings.
3. Wider representation. Different interests, regions, religions and ideologies find expression through the various parties.
4. Promotes democracy and freedom. Freedom of association and political competition are guaranteed.
5. Prevents dictatorship. Competition and the threat of losing power restrain the government from tyranny.
6. Encourages participation. Many parties mobilise more citizens into political activity.

Demerits

1. Political instability. It often produces weak coalition governments that collapse easily.
2. Deepens divisions. Parties may sharpen ethnic, religious and regional cleavages.
3. Expensive. Running many parties and frequent elections is costly to the state and the parties.
4. Weak, indecisive government. The need to satisfy coalition partners can delay and water down policies.
5. Confuses the electorate. Too many parties with similar programmes may bewilder voters.
6. Encourages bitter rivalry. Intense competition can lead to violence and electoral malpractice.