The name given to a sudden change in a gene or chromosome that can be passed on to the offspring is

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The name given to a sudden change in a gene or chromosome that can be passed on to the offspring is "mutation." A mutation is a change in the genetic material of an organism, and it can result in the production of new traits or variations in existing traits. Mutations can occur spontaneously or as a result of exposure to mutagenic agents like chemicals, radiation, or viruses. Some mutations may be beneficial, harmful, or have no effect on the organism. When mutations occur in the germ cells (sperm and egg cells), they can be passed on to the offspring, leading to heritable genetic variation.