The following were checks on the powers of chiefs during the pre-colonial era except the __________

The check on the powers of chiefs during the pre-colonial era that did not exist was British Officials. During the pre-colonial era, the powers of chiefs were checked by the Kingsmakers, the Council of Elders, and the Age grades. These were traditional systems of governance in various African societies that helped to balance the power of the chief and ensure that their actions were in line with the customs and beliefs of the community. However, British Officials were a colonial influence that was introduced during the colonial period and did not exist in the pre-colonial era.