When data is organized, processed, and presented in a meaningful context, it becomes:

Raw facts and figures on their own, before they are arranged in a useful way, are called data. When that raw data is organised, processed, and presented so that it has meaning and context for the person using it, for example turning a long list of individual sales figures into a monthly sales summary, it becomes information.

This is a key distinction in computer studies: data is the unprocessed input, while information is the meaningful, structured output produced from that data. Structured Query Language (SQL) is a programming language used to manage and query databases, not a stage in the data-to-information process. Metadata is data that describes other data, such as a file's creation date, rather than the processed and contextualised output of that data. "Fact" refers to a single true statement or data point, not the organised, processed, and meaningfully presented result described in the question.

Examination reminder: whenever a question describes data being organised, processed, and given context or meaning, the expected answer is information, distinguishing it from raw data.