Why was the development of Nationalist activities slow in the French West African colonies?

Why the development of nationalist activities was slow in the French West African colonies

1. The policy of assimilation: France sought to turn the Africans into black Frenchmen who would see themselves as French citizens rather than a distinct people; this weakened the sense of separate identity and the urge to demand independence.
2. Representation in the French Parliament: Selected Africans, especially the assimilated elite, were allowed to sit as deputies in the French National Assembly in Paris, which gave them a stake in the French system and reduced agitation for self-rule.
3. The policy of association and direct rule: France governed its colonies as overseas territories tied closely to France and administered them directly, suppressing local initiative and leaving little room for independent political organisation.
4. Harsh and repressive administration: The French used forced labour, the indigenat (arbitrary punishment code) and strict controls that intimidated the people and discouraged open political protest.
5. Limited Western education: Fewer people received the kind of Western education that produced a large, radical, politically conscious elite, so there were fewer educated nationalists to lead the struggle.
6. Economic dependence on France: The colonies were economically tied to and dependent on France for trade, aid and a common currency, which made many reluctant to break away.
7. Restrictions on the press and political parties: Tight control over newspapers and political associations limited the spread of nationalist ideas and the mobilisation of the people.