Which of the following usually leads to the curtailment of the rights of citizens?

Violent socio-political unrest usually leads to the curtailment of the rights of citizens. This is because during such periods, the government may impose restrictions on citizens' rights and freedoms in an effort to maintain order and security. For instance, the government may impose curfews, ban public gatherings, censor the media, and detain citizens without trial. These measures are often seen as necessary to restore order but can lead to the infringement of citizens' rights. The other options listed in the question, such as transitional period, granting of presidential pardon, and period of constitutional pardon, do not necessarily lead to the curtailment of citizens' rights.