(a) Mention the chemical substance manufactured starting from each of the foirownc sets of materials: (i) sugar and yeast; (ii) ammonia, air and water; (iii...
Question 1 Report
(a) Mention the chemical substance manufactured starting from each of the foirownc sets of materials:
(i) sugar and yeast;
(ii) ammonia, air and water;
(iii) vegetable oil and caustic alkali.
(b) State one air pollutant generated during the manufacture of fertilizers.
Answer Details
(a) Substances manufactured
- (i) Sugar and yeast: Ethanol (ethyl alcohol). The yeast supplies the enzyme zymase which ferments the sugar: \[C_6H_{12}O_{6} \xrightarrow{\text{zymase}} 2C_2H_5OH + 2CO_2\]
- (ii) Ammonia, air and water: Trioxonitrate(V) acid (nitric acid, \(HNO_3\)). In the Ostwald process ammonia is catalytically oxidised to nitrogen(II) oxide, further oxidised by air to nitrogen(IV) oxide, then dissolved in water: \[4NH_3 + 5O_2 \to 4NO + 6H_2O\]\[2NO + O_2 \to 2NO_2\]\[3NO_2 + H_2O \to 2HNO_3 + NO\]
- (iii) Vegetable oil and caustic alkali: Soap (by saponification, the alkaline hydrolysis of the oil).
(b) Air pollutant from fertilizer manufacture
One example is sulphur(IV) oxide, \(SO_2\) (released where sulphuric acid is used to make ammonium tetraoxosulphate(VI) fertilizer). Oxides of nitrogen or escaped ammonia are also acceptable.
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