The author uses the novel to portray some of the societal problems. This means that the author has used the story and characters in the novel to highlight and shed light on issues and challenges that exist in society. The author may be using the novel as a way to raise awareness, spark conversation, and bring attention to these problems. Through the experiences of the characters and the events that take place in the story, the author can highlight and explore societal issues such as poverty, inequality, discrimination, and more.