The insurance principle among the given options is "Proximate cause."
Proximate cause is an insurance principle that is used to determine whether a loss is covered under an insurance policy. It refers to the direct and most immediate cause of a loss. In other words, it is the cause that set in motion a series of events that led to the loss.
For example, if a car accident is caused by a driver running a red light, the proximate cause of the accident is the driver running the red light. This is important in determining whether the loss is covered by the driver's insurance policy.
The principle of proximate cause is used by insurance companies to assess whether a loss is covered under a policy. If the loss is not caused by a covered peril, or if the proximate cause is excluded by the policy, the claim may not be covered.
In summary, the insurance principle among the given options is proximate cause. It is used to determine the direct and most immediate cause of a loss, and is an important factor in determining whether a loss is covered under an insurance policy.