A Literary work that ridicules the shortcomings of people or ideas is ......

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A literary work that ridicules the shortcomings of people or ideas is called a satire. Satire is a type of writing that uses humor, irony, or exaggeration to criticize or expose the flaws, vices, or follies of society or individuals. It often targets politicians, religious figures, or other public figures who are seen as deserving of criticism or ridicule. The purpose of satire is to bring about change or improvement in society by pointing out its flaws or weaknesses in a way that is both entertaining and thought-provoking. Examples of famous satirical works include George Orwell's Animal Farm, Jonathan Swift's Gulliver's Travels, and Voltaire's Candide.