(a) Define the term irrigation. (b) List six sources of water for irrigation- (c) Give three reasons why irrigation schemes are necessary in Nigeria. (d) St...
Question 1 Report
(a) Define the term irrigation. (b) List six sources of water for irrigation- (c) Give three reasons why irrigation schemes are necessary in Nigeria. (d) State two similarities and three differences between sprinkler and surface irrigation
Answer Details
(a) Irrigation
Irrigation is the artificial application of water to the soil or crops to supplement rainfall so as to provide enough moisture for plant growth.
(b) Six sources of water for irrigation
- Rivers
- Streams
- Lakes
- Dams and reservoirs
- Boreholes and wells (underground water)
- Harvested rain water (springs and ponds are also sources)
(c) Three reasons why irrigation schemes are necessary in Nigeria
- To make crop production possible in the dry season and all year round.
- To supplement the inadequate and unreliable rainfall, especially in the northern (arid and semi-arid) parts.
- To bring dry, otherwise unproductive land into cultivation and increase food production.
(d) Sprinkler versus surface irrigation
Two similarities
- Both are methods of supplying water artificially to crops.
- Both help to increase crop yield and make dry-season farming possible.
Three differences
| Sprinkler irrigation | Surface irrigation |
|---|---|
| Water is applied as a spray from above, like rainfall | Water flows over the soil surface by gravity |
| Requires pumps, pressure and pipes, so it is more expensive | Requires little equipment, so it is cheaper |
| Suitable for undulating or sloping land, with less water loss | Needs fairly level land and loses more water through seepage and evaporation |
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