Study the map extract provided on a scale of 1:100,000 and answer the questions that follow. Topographical map extract (scale 1:100,000) (a) On the topograp...

(a) Identification and labelling of features

The required annotations are shown on the map extract below. The labels are placed directly beside the appropriate features.

1. PTS: the spot height/Primary Trigonometrical Station of 1460 ft.
2. CL: the col, the low saddle between two neighbouring hills.
3. GS: the gentle slope, identified by widely spaced contour lines.
4. ARS: the northern area enclosed by contours higher than 1900 ft.
5. CF: the north-western confluence, where two streams join.

(b) Gradient along A-B, using the metric method

Height at A = 2000 ft
Height at B = 1100 ft

Vertical interval:

\[2000 - 1100 = 900\text{ ft}\]

Since \(1\text{ ft}=0.3048\text{ m}\):

\[900\times0.3048=274.32\text{ m}\]

Length of A-B on the map = \(12\text{ cm}\).

At a scale of \(1:100,000\), \(1\text{ cm}\) represents \(1\text{ km}\). Therefore:

\[\text{Horizontal equivalent}=12\text{ cm}\times1\text{ km}=12\text{ km}=12,000\text{ m}\]

\[\text{Gradient}=\frac{\text{vertical interval}}{\text{horizontal equivalent}}=\frac{274.32}{12,000}\]

\[=\frac{1}{43.74}\approx\boxed{1\text{ in }44}\]

(c) Reasons why FUTUK is likely to be more important than Lungo

1. FUTUK has a market or trading centre, indicating that it performs a commercial function.
2. There is a school at FUTUK, so it provides an educational service.
3. FUTUK is served by a minor road, whereas Lungo is linked mainly by footpaths; FUTUK is therefore more accessible.
4. FUTUK has a larger and more densely built-up settlement area than Lungo.
5. FUTUK has more public facilities and functions, while Lungo is mainly a small rural village.